Shutter Island Versus The Shining Film Studies Essay

Shutter Island Versus The Shining Film Studies Essay Rene Descartes was a philosopher who introduced a popular philosophical method called Radical Doubt in his book Meditations on First Philosophy. Descartes proposed discarding any kind of belief that could be doubted, [because it] might be false. In both Shutter Island directed by Martin Scorsese and The Shining directed by Stanley Kubrick, the viewers are introduced to characters that doubt the very existence of reality, much like Descartes, and who are drowned in the depths of insanity. Fear, paranoia, and doubt are the main ingredients that make both movies a psychological mind maze that constantly teases the brain with every turn. Martin Scorsese and Stanley Kubrick are both masters in cinema direction and are not regulars in the horror genre. Nonetheless, both have created a product that makes viewers question what its like to be sane. The goal of this essay is to demonstrate the similarities and differences between Shutter Island and The Shining based on their themes of insanity , isolation, and alcoholism. The story of Shutter Island revolves around Marshall Teddy Daniels, and his partner Chuck Aule, and their journey to a remote and barren island to investigate the mysterious disappearance of an inmate from the mental asylum. The island is home to a fortress-like mental institution, Ashcliffe Hospital, which houses 66 of the most dangerous criminals in the country. From the beginning, Martin Scorsese introduces the viewers to the theme of isolation. In the opening scene, Scorsese uses the boat ride as a sign that illustrates how the island is being distanced from reality. The viewers are never introduced on unfiltered view of the real world outside of the asylum. The only available information about reality beyond the walls of the asylum comes from Teddy, through the scattered flashbacks he experiences throughout the movie, which easily brings in the theme of reality versus illusion. As soon as the detectives arrive at the asylum a hurricane strikes the island and all transportation a nd communication systems are cut-off. They continue their investigation in ominous isolation while being surrounded by dangerous inmates and an uncooperative secretive staff. It seems that Teddy is trapped in a maze, trying to find answers to the disappearance of the missing inmate, Rachel Salondo. Every time he finds a clue that could bring him closer to an answer, it turns out to be an answer he did not expect. Teddy begins to question the motivations of everyone involved, including his own decisions. He reaches a point in his investigation where he does not know who to believe anymore. He is, as one character tells him, A rat in a maze, trying to find his way out of the island. As the movie progresses, so does its distance from reality. Scorseses throws Teddy into a psychological mind maze where he begins to question everything surrounding the investigation. What is real? Who to trust? Everyone in the asylum seems to be skewed by insanity. The Shining is director Stanley Kubricks epic, gothic horror film. The movie tells the story of the Torrance family and their experience at the Overlook Hotel. Jack Torrance is a former school teacher who has a passion in writing screenplays. Jack agrees to accept the job as a caretaker of the Overlook Hotel, a massive resort isolated in the mountains of Colorado which is completely isolated and free from alcohol, which instigates Torrances descent into madness. From the very first scene of the movie the viewers are given a birds-eye-view of the hotel and its isolation from society. Since alcohol is referenced throughout the movie and Jack is a recovering alcoholic, the theme of alcoholism plays a huge role in Jacks overall behaviour towards his family. Alcoholism is like a beast within him and since the hotel is alcohol free, Jack believes that accepting the caretaker job will help mend his relationship with his wife Wendy and son Danny and bring them closer, especially after the in cident where Jack dislocated Dannys shoulder in a bender because of his drunkenness. The theme of the supernatural is referenced in the movie when Wendy is giving descriptions about Dannys behaviour to the psychiatrist. She says that Danny started talking to Tony, the invisible friend that lives in his mouth. Also, as the family arrived at the hotel, they were introduced to Dick Halloran, the cook at the Overlook Hotel. Halloran contacts Danny telepathically and tells him that he has a psychic ability which allows him to see both the past, the future and communicate mentally with other shiners. As time progresses, it seems that the hotel places a great amount of mental stress on Jack, his underlying insanity gradually evolves into a rampant madness as he attempts to murder his wife and son with an axe. The viewers witness the madness slowly settle, and explode fiercely through Jack, transforming him from a father trying to repair his relationship with his family into a psychotic lunatic bent on destroying everything he loves. In conclusion, both Shutter Island and The Shining are haunted house themed movies that are filled with labyrinthine spaces that threaten to consume their occupants. Shutter Island is a shadowy and grim looking castle. Redesigned out of an old Civil War fort, every piece of fixture in it relates back to some dark secret in the past. The island itself sends out a warning of the terrible evil that lurks around it. On the other hand, Kubricks Overlook Hotel is just as fear infested as Scorseses Island. Even though it doesnt have the darkness of the mental asylum, everything in the hotel is brightly lit, carpeted, and full of luxurious items. Perhaps the enormous size of the hotel introduces a great sense of isolation the characters go through. Shutter Island, much like The Shining is segregated from society. Teddy Daniels finds himself trapped in the island due to a hurricane much like how Jack finds himself trapped in the hotel due to a blizzard. Both Shutter Island and The Shining revolve around protagonists that are unreliable. The viewers are introduced to the heroes and then to their slow decent into madness. Isolation and insanity are prominent in every scene of both movies, which turned normal and loving fathers into insane and psychotic killers that led both of them to their end.

Memorable Day of My Life: My First Day in School

Events and experiences. But all of these are not equally important, enjoyable and memorable. There are some memorable days and they remain evergreen in my heart. My first day at school is such a day. It was the month of August, 2004. Was then only five years old. My father told that should be admitted into a school in class one the next day. I felt very excited.I could not think of anything else. I was always thinking about the school and the teachers. I could not even sleep well that night. The next morning my mother woke me early in the morning. She washed me very well, embed my hair and dressed in new clothes. Then had breakfast and started for the school with my father. He took me to the Habit Public School. It took us half an hour to reach the school.When I stepped inside the school with my father was little bit afraid. Saw many students on the school campus. Some were playing , some were talking to each other. Realizing me in a new environment my heart began to beat. Then my Fa ther admitted me in class one. She welcomed me and took me to the class and gave me a seat. All the students in the class were staring at me. I felt a bit nervous once again to see the new faces. But soon I became very easy.

Technical Analysis Of Pakistans Stock Prices Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1879 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Stock market and the techniques for demonstration of share prices has always been a topic of public and academic interests. A stock market or share market is an organization that provides trading facilities for stock brokers and traders to trade share of listed companies. The role of the stock market is to raise long-term funds for corporations (primary market) while providing a platform for the trading of securities (secondary market). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Technical Analysis Of Pakistans Stock Prices Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Stock exchanges encourage investment through pooling of resources, enabling corporations to obtain funds to expand their businesses. The stock exchange also serves as an economic barometer and can give important signals to economic policy makers regarding how their decisions related to interest rates, taxes and currency volatility impacts different sectors of the economy. Historically, the KSE has been a leading indicator to changes in the real side of the economy and an effective predictor of growth. Using techniques to decide in what stocks to invest in order to get huge profits has always been a topic among investors but still it is not sure whether fundamental analysis will fulfill this purpose or technical analysis. What is wrong now days is that market players are adopting wrong tactics. On one hand we have fundamentalists who are normally inclined towards unrealistic presumptions while on the other hand; we have chartists who often tend to misinterpret their charts. F undamental and technical analysis is two techniques for predicting the performance of a company stock. My main research will be conducted to understand the basic techniques of technical analysis but I will also looking to find out the most effective technique among the 2 school of stock analysis and to check how far they are effective and reliable by observing their limitations. Stock market moves in a cyclical pattern, at certain time stock prices will rise and then at certain time they will fall, the market is always swinging upwards or downwards like a pendulum so, expectations are not based on presumptions but are concluded from certain conditions and activities that had happened previously. Background of study: Historically the first brokers came in 11 century frame. They managed the debts of agricultural communities on behalf of banks (Viktor Ka, 2008). In an article of David Escobar, Hades Smith, Robert Grazion and Kelly Clifford discussed that the first stock exchange was founded in 12th century. Next places to facilitate exchanges were in Venice and Belgium. The first company ever formed as JSC was Dutch East India company who issued its first shares, it was the first ever IPO.later in 1688 London Stock exchange came. First official stock exchange was established in New York, America. It was the result of button wood agreement which was signed by 24 brokers and a merchant to trade securities (Arkaitz Artega, 2008).In 1929 the greatest economic crises came (Hades Smith, 2009).GK Awadhiya and Arkaitz Artega (2008-2009) describes that after the creation of NYSE fee has been charged for trading shares. Today in the same structure the fee is known as brokerage. Kelly Clifford (2010) in her article stock market growth and expansion showed that 1800 was the time of great growth and innovation for stock market. At that time government bonds, insurance and bank stocks trading was in action and 1900 were the time of industrial revolution and much expansion than 1800 was seen in the stock market. Mike Singh and Micheal James in their article explains that stocks are the foundation on which the stock market works as it is the basic and main commodity being traded and bought and sold in billions daily. David Escobar and Micheal James (2009-2010) defines stock exchange as a stock market or share market is a platform for the trading of companies stocks. It allows individuals and businesses a place to trade at an agreed price. It provides companies and government to issue or redeem securities on stock exchange. The companies are facilitated by buying and selling of stocks and the stocks quotes are determined by the forces of demand and supply. Mike Singh in his arti cle (2009) has raised the question of how does stock market works? he explained it that the broker execute transaction on our order which means we have still control on our stocks. Brokers get commission and of course our profit will be the difference between the purchase price and our selling price. The question arises how to succeed in stock market an article presented by Priyanka Grey and Deep Kandal explains that there are mixture of approaches to take on by different advisors to build profitable portfolios, market forecasting is challenging part of stock market analysis in order to choose the type of security, time to buy or sell, and what amount should be invested. The article technical analysis in stock market trading by Branden Moskwa (2006) defines that the methods used to analyze stocks to make investments decisions are very vast but they fall in one of two categories knows as fundamental and technical analysis. Deep Kandal, Ray Johns, J Finnis describes that fundame ntal analysis is the study of companys financial statements, economic conditions, assets, debt, management, product and completion which means that it is based on financial and industry information of the company to predict the price movements and there is no involvement of exotic formulas. Where as technical analysis is the analysis of market data, volume and interest, by studying the companies past performance and charts all this above mentioned information are displayed graphically which further help us to determine when to buy or sell a security. Micheal Glass and Jason Nq says that fundamental analysis is capable of telling companies long term growth potential and usually results in long term investments where as technical analysis is useful in trading short term trends by telling when price will rise or go for a fall with the help of support and resistance levels. Another article introduction to technical analysis and fundamental analysis (2010) elaborated that fundament al analysis is to analyze companies business prospects like financial statements, ratios, cash flows, EPS etc where as technical analysis believes that companys fundamentals are reflected all in the charts. Question arises what is the best analysis style and tool for stock trading. Johny Stock Burger (2010) says that fundamental and technical analysis relates to each other like brothers and sisters but both have their own pros and cons. Jun Wei Tan (2010) says that technical analysis is form of guessing and gambling and putting lines here and there like little kids can not predict the market. On the other hand fundamental analysis is value traps and based on fake information. Another study of BM Davis (2007) says that technical analysis features: Market discounts every thing. Price moves in a trend. History tends to repeat itself. Concluding all is that among fundamental and technical analysis it is not important what to use but it is important that what stocks we buy, what the investment criteria, what is the risk relating to it and then we need both technical and fundamental analysis by looking at their benefits and limitations will enable us to get better profits through better trading. Problem statement: In this high technological era, the increased interests of making huge profits in Pakistan Stock market day by day requires strong plan of action, regarding understanding, consumption and interpretations of techniques. In short, simple gauging tools will ease us in getting down to the basics of making good investment and will help us in making fast decisions in order to excel in the game of stocks and shares investment. Research objectives: The objectives relating to the topic of my thesis Technical analysis of stock prices are: To compile and assemble all the possible data and information relating to KSE. To understand the stock exchange as a concept in total. To identify tools and techniques which are necessary for selecting and investing in profitable stocks using prices. To assemble and try the implementation of technical concepts in such a manner that it should provide a beginner like me to play and earn successfully from the stock market as a professional investor. Approach: The research on this topic is series designed for all those beginners like me to develop their capabilities as investors. The fact that many people want to become good investors is not new and many approaches to such learning and development has been available. At times, ideas evolve and as i will proceed with my research of course plans and actions and approaches will evolve but i will be looking at following things: To gather all pertinent details and information regarding stock exchanges in Pakistan that will be: Stock exchange history. Stock exchange introduction and concepts. What is a stock exchange? Primary and secondary market. Instruments of market. Why do companies go public? What are shares? IPOs Measures of market performance Functions and characteristics of stock exchanges. Stock exchanges in Pakistan. KSE Compiling and evaluating companies listed in KSE. LSE ISE Role of CDC. How to find a stock broker? How to keep the acquired shares? How much is the costs? How are settlement and clearing done? Understanding investments. Reasons for buying and selling stocks. Which shares to buy? Why do individuals invest? Why do we measure rate of return? Why do we measure risk relating to investments? Investments alternatives Investments process. Investment policy. Security analysis. Making portfolio. Analyze performance. Revising portfolios. Security analysis. Market analysis Industry analysis Company analysis Technical analysis Stock market trends and trading principles. Long term and medium term trends. Forecasting indicators.( short term and medium term) Psychological barriers. Trading principles. The extent to which technical or fundamental analysis will be relevant. etc Methodology: The first part of my research on Technical analysis of stock prices will be done by Compiling and evaluating companies that are listed in KSE. For this purpose all possible and relevant data will be taken as follows: Annual reports. General point of views and experiences will be gathered. Reports from brokerage houses. Pool a group of companies from stock exchange and will apply technical analysis tools and techniques. Will select a pool of companies and will calculate and compare max/min historical prices with current stock prices. For the other part of research, the main thing is to find the effect of using tools, techniques and indicators on stock prices. This purpose will be fulfilled by extracting and gathering data from: Internet. Articles. Annual reports. Journals. Books. The limitations that are part of my research methodology are: Data will be taken and compiled at a particular period of time so gaps and differences might appear. O ther factors such as political, economic, social, news, rumors and day timings will affect investors responses. Forecasting: At the end, i will be making a forecast by applying all the possible and relevant tools and techniques of technical analysis concerning management, business plans, graphs, charts and examples in order to conclude what can be earned and gained by a beginner like me from the year 2011-2015. For the above mentioned purpose, I will be selecting Honda motors and Suzuki motors from automobile industry of Pakistan and will be looking at the following things: Industry overview Economic condition Group selection Narrow with in group Company overview Market share Market growth rate Business plan management Technical analysis of Honda and Suzuki MACD Bollinger bands RSI Current performance Comparison from an investors eye.

The Metamorphosis as a Depiction of Franz Kafkas Life Essay

The Metamorphosis as a Depiction of Franz Kafkas Life The Metamorphosis is said to be one of Franz Kafkas best works of literature. It shows the difficulties of living in a modern society and the struggle for acceptance of others when in a time of need. In this novel Kafka directly reflects upon many of the negative aspects of his personal life, both mentally and physically. The relationship between Gregor and his father is in many ways similar to Franz and his father Herrman. The Metamorphosis also shows resemblance to some of Kafkas diary entries that depict him imagining his own extinction by dozens of elaborated methods. This paper will look into the text to show how this is a story about the authors personal life portrayed†¦show more content†¦His father was retired and his sister was still young and not working. Gregor felt as if he had let down the family because he had provided for them up until this point where he could no longer work. He thought it would be very difficult for his family to be financially secure withou t him working. When Franz Kafka was a boy his father abused him. Whenever Kafka disagreed with his father or told his father that he wanted to be a writer, not a shop owner, his father got very upset. In the book Mr. Samsa displayed a violent temper from the very first encounter with the transformed Gregor. When he chased Gregor back to his room, he kicked him in the back as he reached the door. Another event in which Gregor encountered violence from his father was when Mr. Samsa threw an apple at him and it lodged in his back. From this point on the physical and mental condition of Gregor steadily decreased. The apple began to rot away and he felt weaker and experienced more pain than usual. Gregor even lost his appetite. The feelings of seclusion and not being wanted entered Gregors thoughts. He could tell that his sister did not care as much as she did when he first became a bug. These feelings could have been the same feelings of seclusion that Kafka felt in his own life after abuse from his fa ther. The image of a wide pork butchers knife, swiftly and withShow MoreRelatedThe Existential Isolation And Biopsychological Change1519 Words   |  7 Pagesin The Metamorphosis and â€Å"Letter to my Father† by Franz Kafka and Unwelcome Visitors† by Tessa Farmer This literary and art analysis will define the correlation between the writings of Kafka and the installation art of Tessa Farmer’s in relation to the themes of existential isolation and biopsychological change. Gregor’s anxiety in The Metamorphosis is partially due to the alienation of society, which cases an existential period of isolation in which he transforms into a bug. In Kafka’s â€Å"LetterRead More Comparing Franz Kafka and Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesSimilarities between Franz Kafka and Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis It is unusual to say the least to open a book and the first line is about the main character waking up as a large insect. Most authors’ use symbolism to relate the theme of their work, not Franz Kafka. He uses a writing method that voids all aspects and elements of the story that defy interpretation. In doing this, he leaves a simple story that stands only for an objective view for his own thoughts and dreams. Kafka focusesRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1435 Words   |  6 PagesFranz Kafka is renowned for prophetic and profoundly enigmatic stories that portray human degradation and cruelty. (Bloom) The Metamorphosis is said to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It shows the difficulties of living in a modern society and the struggle for acceptance of others when in a time of need. (Bloom) The Metamorphosis is about a young man, Gregor Samsa, who is transformed overnight into a bug. He soon becomes a disgrace to his family. After his metamo rphosis, hisRead MoreAllegorical Metamorphosis1128 Words   |  5 PagesAllegorical Metamorphosis Metamorphosis is transformation of an insect from an immature form to an adult form. Although this term is ordinarily used in Biology, Franz Kafka uses this term to title his peculiar story. This is a story about a young man named Gregor Samsa, who is a traveling salesman. He is a typical hardworking man trying to pay off debts. However, he wakes up one morning as a human-sized beetle. His parents see him as a beetle, they react negatively, but his sister, Grete, is notRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis 1711 Words   |  7 Pagesand in their characters to portray a certain theme that most readers can relate to. Franz Kafka, a renowned German-speaking fiction writer of the 20th century, uses a unique style of writing that many people believe is a telling of his own life story. In his well-known short story, â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, many similarities and connections can be seen between the main character, Gregor Samsa, and the author himself, Franz Kafka. A major comparison that can be made is the fact that both Samsa and Kafka diedRead MoreFranz Kafka and Ismail Kadare861 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka and Ismail Kadare were two of the most extravagant storytellers of modern times. Franz Kafka wrote the short story, The Metamorphosis and Ismail Kadare wrote the novel, Broken April. In these two stories, there is a sense of sadness and darkness that both author’s portrayed in them. The characterization between Gregor (from The Metamorphosis) and Gjorg (from Broken April) were actually similar in comparison. The similarities are isolation, loneliness, and their father figures. NeverthelessRead MoreThe Existentialist Philosophy Of Kafka s The Metamorphosis1364 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment The existentialist philosophy of Kafka is presented in the metamorphosis is a picture of isolation and despair, something which prevailed in Kafka’s life. The diary of Kafka which was later found also showed Kafka’s intense imagination about his existence and extinction. It became apparent that at the heart of metamorphosis lies deep rooted feelings of Kafka himself. (Kafka.org ). The Metamorphosis a novel written by Franz Kafka is about a man, Gregor Samsa, who wakes up to find himself turnedRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka2465 Words   |  10 PagesThe novella, The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, begins with the main character, Gregor Samsa, awaking from a bad dream to find himself transformed into a monstrous verminous bug (Kafka 255). The transformation is not questioned by Gregor nor his family, leaving them to try to adjust to this transformation without any attempt to reverse it or cure it. The significance of the drastic change that the protagonist has to face has been analyzed in various ways for its symbolic meaning. Using variousRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka936 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Metamorphosis†, by Franz Kafka, is a mystical tale about a young businessman who awakes one morning to find his physical appearance transformed. His family and business associates fear his transformation and take immediate action by l ocking him in his room. For the following months, his young sister cares for his wellbeing and survival by tending to his needs. However, as time passes by, the inconveniences of caring for Gregor create tension and irritability that ultimately leads to drasticRead MoreModernity in The Metamorphosis and The Judgement by Franz Kafka989 Words   |  4 Pagesart, the other being the eternal and the immovable. This particularly characterises the transitory nature of contemporaneity, highlighting the importance art has in capturing the experience of this urban cosmopolitan. Through The Metamorphosis and The Judgement, Franz Kafka uses literature in order to portray the sickness of modernity in which tradition has crumbled under the onslaught. Kafka draws upon the negative aspects of this industrial civilisation, particularly highlighting According

Techfite’S Organizational Ethics And Social Responsibilities.

Techfite’s Organizational Ethics and Social Responsibilities A. Create three (3) corporate policies that reflect the organization’s culture and ethical viewpoints. †¢ (Flexible Work Schedule Policy) (Flextime) Techfite will permit supervisors within reason to adjust current start and leave times of the workplace and is line with our culture of workplace collaboration. †¢ (Community Involvement Policy) Techfite will give managers an option to permit employees to take time out of the workday to be involved in community activities in the certainty of all business needs to be fulfilled. †¢ (Diversity in the Workplace Policy) and the institution of this policy will aid with issues such as addressing cultural differences, adapting to change,†¦show more content†¦In addition to schools, other non-profit charitable organizations will benefit from Techfite’s corporate and employee’s community involvement and address prior commitments we made to Dellburg’s city council. The Diversity in the Workplace Policy will immediately address concerns between the United States and United Kingdom about hours and benefits as well as legal and cultural differences between the two. Consequently, by taking prompt action to diversify the workplace, Techfite will show their culture to gain acceptance between respective parties. Moreover, Techfite’s culture known for developing leadership and introduction of said policy could show the corporation s commitment to promoting diversity in not only current leadership but by displaying diversity in the development of future leadership which is in tune with Techfite’s culture of leadership development. Moreover, by diversifying the workplace, it shows employees that there is an openness within our organization that encourages our culture of workplace collaboration by encouraging them to express ideas and opinions with equal value to all. A. (2.) Analyze the ethical issues at stake in the scenario and distinguish from legal matters. The difference between ethical and legal issues conceive from the difference or separation between internal areas of ethics and law. Ethical issues are standards driven by the morality of what should or should not be done;

Slavery by Another Name Free Essays

string(97) " hand could produce in an hour’s time thus came the end of human rollers in the late 1800’s\." Matt Henderson Dr. Hilbert The Cigarette Century March 23, 2009 The Cigarette Century Book Review The Cigarette Century, the undisputed rise and dramatic decline of cigarette consumption in the United States. There are powerful cultural values that account for the resilience of the cigarette and the all the drama that comes along with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery by Another Name or any similar topic only for you Order Now The once ever popular and more noticeable behavior smoking had as we have seen it progress and sometimes decline has eventually become a marginalized and often stigmatized practice. The modern cigarette, was born in the late 19th century in the U.S, but for the longest time remained the industry’s neglected and undersold user placing 2nd under chewing tobacco and pipe tobacco. The rise of the cigarette simply changed the American Culture, burning through the nations industry, government, and obviously the science and health organizations as well. Cigarettes has more than fifty illnesses and twenty causes of death associated with it. It’s absolutely insane to think at one point America saw smoking as glamorous or even a symbol of elegance, devastating millions of people with the effects of smoking and the cancers it holds as well.During World War I and World War II, cigarettes were rationed to soldiers. In some countries as well as the U. S, made cigarettes a state monopoly, which the Unites states determines certain cigarette taxes and where tobacco for the cigarette is considered an essential product which tends to get the least taxed. In this case, the government says that tobacco for the cigarette is a necessity because so many people buy them and essentially helps America grow stronger and in a lot of cases weaker along with the cigarette. Giant pieces of culture, science, politics, law and global spread of the cigarette doesn’t even pause to analyze the paradox of smoking that ultimately turns into your death. Smokers in America are ambushed with a wide variety of overwhelming tobacco advertising; cultural aesthetics, peer pressure, the ever addicting nicotine, and turning to the youth urging for rebellion against the normality’s of society. The boom in smoking after World War I was recognized as well seen as a relaxant in order to combat the scalding stress of trench warfare.The cigarette dawned with the age and support from substantial manufacturing advances in technology and marketing strategies, which was further moved along by dramatic shifts in American culture and social norms following the end of World War I. The cigarette and tobacco industry engulfed the entire nation in a single heartbeat. In the early 1900’s, cigs accounted an astonishing 5% of all domestic tobacco that is until the ne ar midcentury and the outbreak of the second World War nearly half of all adults smoked and even more for the enlisted men and women of the armed forces.All of a sudden cigarettes were everywhere with ashtrays littering every room: offices, clubs, and practically every American home as well. As Brandt describes that the tobacco companies were the rotten eggs from the start, they began to exploit and expand their product to the waiting hands of Americans. No health hazards of smoking were ever proven so it just seemed to add to the fact that smoking was ok and were readily available to all who wished to purchase them.However the cigarette and its mothering tobacco companies took a devastating blow after World War II when the connection was made between smoking and lung cancer. Being faced with crushing news the tobacco industry constructed a formidable defense not denying the health risks of smoking, but illustrated another side to the story stating pleasurable affects and other broad statements that people were skeptical about. Brandt also writes that his book, â€Å"The Cigarette Century† breaks out into a meticulous record of numerous courtroom clashes that basically defined the life of a cigarette and its place in American society.However these infamous trials have yet to cripple the industry as Brandt and many others had hoped to happen, but they have delivered mortal wounds more effectively in the beginning which brought upon years of documentation on the industries personal outlook on health concerns. Brandt Quotes â€Å"Create an even Bigger Monster (AIDS) that has made every transaction since then feel like a deal with the devil, on top of a dance of death. † He also concludes that cigarette tobacco is cancer causing and promoting, extremely poisonous, and unfortunately stimulating, pleasurable and lavorful. No other domestic or imported has even come close to being so heavily promoted or so deeply interlocked with the American consciousness. Also the invention of mass marketing ultimately lead to cigs being presented in advertising and film having deep ties and connections with fame and sex appeal. Even more surprising is that this product, cigarette tobacco has endured more scrutiny and criticism than any other product in the world. New medical research and pure knowledge of tobacco has also shaped the evolution and creation of modern medicine as well.In a last ditch effort Brandt tells the audience that these tobacco companies are trying to delay and disrupt these studies that could potentially destroy the cigarette industry. But even as American culture has begun to show dominance and declined consumption cigarettes look to e xpand into new global markets. Before the cigarette thee was tobacco. Having being domesticated by early Native Americans tobacco and its many products would remain a foundation in our nation’s economy. Tobacco played a central role in behaviors, rituals, and social activities of the modern American.James Duke almost single handedly invented the modern day cigarette. U. S manufactures deployed hundreds of cig rollers in an effort to increase the demand; however there were many attempts to replace these workers with machines; however the machines proved no match against the speed and precision of the human hand. Although the breakthrough came when James Bonsack introduced a rolling machine that could produce 200 cigs per minute basically as much as a human hand could produce in an hour’s time thus came the end of human rollers in the late 1800’s. You read "Slavery by Another Name" in category "Papers" It would be almost 2 decades later that the tobacco companies and congress would collide under the violation of the Sherman Act with basically sets limits on cartels and monopolies which fall under the antitrust laws. These laws created by congress established free trade amongst companies, banning anti-competitive practices that tend to lead to such a dominant position, and supervising the mergers and acquisitions of large corporations. In May 1911, The American Tobacco Company was found guilty of violating the Sherman antitrust act and was ordered to dissolve.More court cases would present themselves under violation of the Sherman antitrust act as key elements of cigarette consumption had been clearly established. Many of these attributes went hand in hand with the increasing aggressiveness of the promotion of youth. The cigarettes dangerously addictive ingredients assured that once people became a smoker, you’d most likely remain a smoker. Duke never realized that cigarette would dominate the tobacco industry for decades to come as others thought it was just another fad in tobacco’s long history. What he failed to realize was that this product, which he had done so much to invent would be a stepping stone of its modern development. Economic success and its material trappings of the cigarette invited moral failure. As the growing popularity of the cigarette threatened to shatter aspects of these threatened values, their guardians, the antitobacco movement would mount a defense against this upcoming threat. Brandt, states that it’s a fight to free our beloved nation from a form of mental slavery.In Los Angeles people that believed in the antitobacco movement were drawn into its cause and decided to seek treatment for their tobacco addictions thus changing American culture and promoting the idea of self-awareness of an individual’s health. Although in New York petitioned to repeal a law that had banned cigarettes on the rear bumpers of their cars in which tobacco companies supported. This very act of more public space marked a critical attribute to the rise of the cigarette. The use of cigarettes in the military became the frontlines of this epic battleground.The cigarette to un-enlisted men seemed to project an image of military decorum as they were soon quick to enlist, however the military recommended that enlistees under the age of 21 be prohibited from smoking which rapidly ran into harsh resistance. By the time the United States entered World War I opposition of any age in the military seemed to cease to exist as the high risk of death throughout the was seemed to have some gratification when it came to smoking cigarettes in the trenches. The moral threat of smoking seemed just fine and seemed positively safe in the short run compared to all the violence and war going around the men.General Pershing of the United States Army pleaded back to the home front that they needed tobacco as much as bullets in order to win the war clearly showing the government yielding to cigarettes and its tobacco. Soldiers and pro-smoker activists agreed that tobacco ma y not be a necessity in life but it sure helps ease the hardships of war as nothing else could do making it seem like the culture now resided around the cigarette. During the war the American public combined its resources and shifted its views towards smoking and actually started to construct funds or smoking comforts for the boys overseas. The Army being surprised by the public effort began to issue out tobacco rations. Both World Wars would now mark the critical point in establishing the cigarette as the most dominate product of the modern American consumer culture. Rather than disrupting the rise of the consumer culture, both wars actually seemed to be accelerating the process. More overwhelmingly due to promotional efforts being closely tied to patriotism and morale, was proving to be incredibly successful transforming the cigarette into an ultimate cultural icon.After the war, people were committed to the cigarette and the taste that came with it. The â€Å"Coming of the Camel† by R. J Reynolds was the first to jump on the bandwagon and go after the taste of the cigarette being that the taste depended as much on the American culture as it did on the blend of tobacco. It was here that Camel became the first truly national cigarette brand covering the nation with its new taste and style. The ongoing attacks led by non-smokers paradoxically made the cigarette even more powerful symbol of the modern culture and polished its appeal to all ages.More importantly the more violent and aggressive the attacks on cigarettes occurred the more popular it came. This cigarette century has finally arrived in America. Cigarettes and smoking quickly spread through the culture and into gender sexuality, new manufacturing agencies and in a new age of consumer consumption and its design. These companies soon realized that smoking had become the social norm and they soon grew eager to shape the new territory. Going after the women smokers companies advertised using women in frequent tobacco ads in an attempt to conjure both the female and the male. The goal of the ads were simply to transform the young school girls and boys of America and convert them into cigarette addicts regardless of the already established medical and health findings on smoking dangers. Political figures and policy makers seemed to approve the creation of the product because of its increasingly positive effect on the nation’s economy. The cigarette really suggested too many that its demand could be recognized and shaped by the techniques of advertising simply finding out Americas likes and dislikes and wants and what it doesn’t want from the cigarette.The cigarette in this case simply reflected on the importance of its design in order to organize the new consumer consciousness for both male and female along with constructing the meaning and purpose of their product. There was intense competition as aggressive tactics copy and packaging were crucial in the destruction of all the competing tobacco companies. Companies invested millions into adv ertising their product through TV or even through the daily newspaper in order to reach out to their consumers. As new advertising media became available the industries moved quickly to seize these promotional opportunities. During the 1930’s tobacco companies became the most famous and prolific advertisers on the commercial radio broadcasting to millions of Americans nationwide. By the 1930’s it became eminently clear that cigarettes would once again dominate over all the other forms of tobacco consumption. The cigarette had surprising reverberated throughout the entire economy pushing tobacco to be the 4th largest cash crop in the nation and in some states it was the 1st. It had deeply seeded itself in the American culture and by the middle of the century had become central command in the modern nation’s industrial economy.Even as the consumer culture flourished, criticism remained, not only to the cigarette but the cultural norms as well. It would only become later in the century that health risks of smoking would present themselves in very powerful ways. The cigarette, the ultimate icon of our consumer culture, serves as a vehicle for people to explore critical aspects of America n life. From agriculture to big business, from medicine to politics, The Cigarette Century shows how smoking came to be so deeply implicated in our culture, science, policy, and law.Now The World Health Organization now predicts 1 billion deaths over the next hundred years; ten times as many as died in the 20th century. Smokers have a harder time healing from surgeries, and have more overall health issues than do nonsmokers as many people die every year from illnesses caused by smoking. Smoking increases your chances of getting cancer. Cigarette smoking may play a role in developing many kinds of cancer. Lung cancer is the most common kind of cancer caused by smoking. As the risk of losing your unborn baby or having a stillborn baby is higher if you are pregnant and smoke. Babies born to smoking mothers often weigh less, and are at a higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death due to smoking being that 90% of lung cancer cases are due to smoking. Cancer can start in many areas of the mouth, with the most common being on or underneath the tongue, or on the lips. Cigarette smoking was such a normal thing and had been for such a long time it’s difficult to even have considered that it could be associated with any sort of disease.Children and teens are especially vulnerable to the hazards of smoking. Because their bodies are not fully mature, smoking interferes with normal lung development in those who begin smoking as children or adolescents. Young people who smoke may become even more strongly addicted to cigarettes and face a greater risk for developing lung cancer than those who start smoking later in life. Teens who smoke are also more likely to have depression or other psychological problems. They are also more likely to engage in other dangerous behaviors like alcohol and/or experimenting with new drugs.Many people in this book did all they could to stop smoking however they were too little to late as soon many of them died as they had fallen victim to the very product that had been the center of their lives. The root causes of cigarette smoking sent shockwaves to the tobacco companies into its core. Physicians advised individuals to cut down on smoking however they couldn’t guarantee anyone that any level of smoking would even be considered as safe. Cigarettes were tied as being the most feared disease of the century placing 2nd only to cancer.Research companies then banded together to focus on product design and make new modifications and small changes to enhance the mildness and try to vary the taste. Tobacco companies soon realized they had lost control of the cultural processes they had utilized in their creation of the modern cigarette. Basically the industries found themselves in uncharted waters and the boat in which they were in was beginning to take on water fast. Having dealing with all these issues corporations responded with unethical disruptions and intrusions into the medical and scientific processes and procedures that were combating the cigarette.The scientists retaliated back by stating, â€Å"If the tobacco people are smart, as we all know they are because they have been enormously successful, then they will support research to find out what the cancer-producing substance is, and then take measures in trying to remove it. † Hill ; Knowlton was one of the world’s five largest public relations firms. The tobacco companies however had taken some precautionary measures of their own being that some local newspapers supported them stating that tobacco comp anies were taking the right steps in finding out if there was any truth or not in the recent scares about cigarette smoking and lung cancer.Despite all the attention that smoking was getting and accused of factoring human lung cancer, no one has yet established that cigarette smoke, or any of its known ingredients, was cancer causing to humans as research has shown us. Tobacco companies would repeatedly insist that the evidence for the relationship between smoking and lung cancer was based on statistical data and it fundamentally misrepresented the emerging scientific data. As we can conclude that the tobacco industries had used Hill ; Knowlton to its fullest potential placing the harms and health risks of smoking back in the realm of doubt amongst Americans.The industry’s of course maintained its posture of scientific doubts that really created a shield that protected them against new regulatory initiatives. The identification of the cigarette as well as the causes of serious diseases has marked a critical turning point in history regarding public health. Just as the tobacco industry’s had before created technology for mass producing cigarettes they had know developed new techniques of mass producing controversy and doubt into the public. The public health service concluded that the evidence at hand places smoking as the primary fac tor in the increased incidences of lung cancer.Government agencies had now stepped in and begun to recognize and publicize the harms of cigarettes as well. With the huge amount of evidence from scientists and the government presented to the people it’s only logical for them at the time to draw their own conclusions regarding the concerning effects of cigarette smoking. Reports soon began to fall into the hands of the consumers as the industries sought an opportunity to change its course and begin to warn its consumers about the risks of using their product.Following the releases of these reports the government would assert new authority and take responsibility for the important health concerns during this time. It seemed like now the American public now looked to the government for scientifically public health policies concerning the cigarette. The cigarette seemed to now cower behind our constitution in order to shell itself from persecution now only from the government, but the American consumer. However it’s clear to the udience and the reader as well that Brandt wants us to realize that the cigarette smoker is aware o f the medical evidence that clearly indicates cigarettes as the cause of cancer and yet the consumer continues to smoke. Nevertheless, the consumer is aware that a moderate smoker substantially increases his chance of an early death. We can see that the tobacco industries have the power and use their power to shape opinions, behaviors, and actions, in ways that go completely against an individual’s interests in health.For years it was seen that these companies have been completely exempt from our standards of responsibility and accountability when their product causes harm. It should be the right of the individual and consumer to demand that when problems arise the companies be held responsible and accountable for their harmful creation. Time and again, somehow the tobacco industry proves them as remarkable and more evidently successful in finding new ways to evade public health regulations and promote their own death-taking product.It’s clear that they have all means to soil themselves deep into our country and more importantly our pockets. It’s important to realize that in the process of recognizing dangers of the cigarette come the strategies for controlling them. Brandt finally concludes that its clear now that with disappointments and failure in the courtrooms comes the responsibility and more importantly the power in a role society must play that could ultimately decide the future and possibly fate of the tobacco industry. How to cite Slavery by Another Name, Papers

Revisiting Intercultural Communication Competence †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Revisiting Intercultural Communication Competence. Answer: Introduction: From the given case study, it is clearly evident that the accounting firm employs the use of a hierarchical organizational structure, whereby all the employees working in the organization belong to a specific level in the hierarchy, depending on their designation, with the senior managers forming the top of the hierarchy, and the subordinate staffs making up the bottom. Owing to the hierarchical organization structure, the chief problem the company is experiencing in terms of its communication is the absence of open communication. In order to function properly, an organization must have open interaction amongst all the staff members as well as the managers. However, owing to the strictly hierarchical organizational structure, the employees do not get the opportunity to engage in interpersonal communication, that s clearly impeding the growth of the company (Miller Barbour 2014). The next problem here is lack of employee engagement and feedback process withi the company. Each organiz ation works in accordance with a set of organizational strategies, a Mission Statement or a long-term vision. While the organizational strategies are chalked out by the senior managers, and the immediate goals of he company with regards to annual target or expected revenue growth are clear to the senior managers, it is important to keep on updating the junior level employees about the same. Otherwise, the junior staffs may not be able to comprehend the importance of accomplishing a task at hand. Besides, it may also lad to the loss of employee engagement as well (Karanges et al., 2015). The next communication issue that has been identified here is the total absence of feedback. It is highly important for the senior employees to monitor and evaluate the performance of the junior employees, and provide each one of them with a comprehensive feedback so that they can understand what more they need to contribute to the organization (Schwinn et al. ,2014). Owing to the excessive intervent ion of the middle managers, the feedback process gets interrupted, and the junior level staffs are unable to reach out to the senior level employees as well. The next communication issue here is the complete absence of any business meeting or interactive session within the company, as a result of which the senior and junior level employees cannot communicate and understand what job role is expected out of them. The middle managers do not exhibit effective listening skills, as they do not patiently listen to the problems experienced by the junior staffs, nor do they try to cooperate with them to listen to their problems. It is evident here that one-way communication is another big challenge here (Eisenberg et al., 2013). Considering the problem of poor communication issue, it is important to recommend useful strategies to the company for future improvement of its internal communication issue as well as external communication issue. First of all, for improving internal communication, the management authority needs to incorporate effective interpersonal communication policies within the company (Martin Nakayama, 2015). Consequently, it is recommended that the manager should conduct a business meeting at least twice a week, and at least two interactive sessions a month with the junior employees, so that they can communicate the goals and long-term vision of the organization. This will also help the senior managers to guide the employees individually how each of their tasks can contribute to the accomplishment of the organizational goals and realization of the vision (Keyton et al., 2013). Next, it is also recommended that the company incorporates a new communication policy, whereby the team leads of ev ery department in the accounting firm, will need to conduct a 20 minute meeting with the employees, informing each one of them about their daily tasks, and motivating them to accomplish their targets most productively. This will help in increasing employee engagement at workplace, and enhance their commitment towards the company. Next, the middle as well as the senior level employees will be enrolled in various communication training and communication skill developing seminars to be funded and organized by the company. Further, the junior employees often ge penalized for approaching the middle managers and complaining about an issue. This is the reason why a separate manager will be appointed for the designation of an Operational Manager who will have his personal email id so that whereby any employee can write a mail to him, and while maintaining his anonymity can easily get his query or trouble solved. This will help in eliminating the unnecessary intervention of the middle manage rs, and will boost employee morale (Williams, 2013). In order to improve external communication, the organization will arrange seminars and training sessions for the staffs. Conferences training the employees the dos and donts of a effective communication will especially b arranged for those staffs who have to directly interact with the customers, such as the service desk employees or the customer care executives. Special training will be provided by the experienced workers of the company, within the organization, since in-house training will be very inexpensive and nevertheless accessible and effective. The tools that will be needed in this case are computer, internet communication, an access to communication skill training websites, a demo classroom. The training session will focus more on enhancing the listening skills of the employees, promoting their emotional intelligence, while also training them to become assertive. Reference List: Eisenberg, E. M., Goodall Jr, H. L., Trethewey, A. (2013).Organizational communication: Balancing creativity and constraint. Macmillan Higher Education. Karanges, E., Johnston, K., Beatson, A. and Lings, I. (2015). The influence of internal communication on employee engagement: A pilot study.Public Relations Review,41(1), pp.129-131. Keyton, J., Caputo, J. M., Ford, E. A., Fu, R., Leibowitz, S. A., Liu, T., ... Wu, C. (2013). Investigating verbal workplace communication behaviors.The Journal of Business Communication (1973),50(2), 152-169. Martin, J. N. (2015). Revisiting intercultural communication competence: Where to go from here.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,48, 6-8. Miller, K., Barbour, J. (2014).Organizational communication: Approaches and processes. Nelson Education. Schwinn, M., Zhao, J., Wang, B. and Lu, J. (2014). Trust in the Workplace: Analysis and Recommendations. Williams, C. (2013).Principles of management. South-Western Cengage Learning.